# Evan Shapiro I ZKP’s Past, Present, and Future I Mina Foundation I Pragma Singapore 2024

- Channel: [ETHGlobal](https://streameth.org/ethglobal)
- Date: 2025-10-09
- Duration: 18:55
- Topics: Evan Shapiro, Mina Protocol, Mina Foundation, zero knowledge proofs, ZKPs, recursive proofs, ZK rollups, ZK apps, privacy blockchain, lightweight blockchain, 20kb blockchain, ZK-EVM, zkSync, Starkware, proof systems, zk smart contracts, fungible token standards, app chains, native rollups, zk governance, crypto scalability, Web3 privacy, zk interoperability, L2s on Mina, SNARKs, SNARK recursion, proof verification, blockchain UX, developer grants
- Watch: https://streameth.org/watch/yt-7BW7eh7NRZ4
- YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BW7eh7NRZ4

## Description

Evan Shapiro, co-founder of Mina Protocol and CEO of the Mina Foundation, joins Pragma Singapore 2024 for a deep dive into the past, present, and future of zero knowledge proofs (ZKPs). In this fireside conversation with Kartik Talwar, Evan reflects on Mina’s journey from an experimental 20kb blockchain to a scalable, developer-friendly L1 for private apps and ZK rollups.

This session covers the evolution of ZK apps, recursive proof systems, native rollups, app-chain interoperability, fungible token standards, and the development of zk-friendly tools and governance. Learn how Mina uses recursive ZKPs to keep its chain lightweight while enabling private, on-chain computation at scale — and discover how the protocol is inspiring a new wave of ZK innovation through developer grants, open standards, and future L2 designs.

00:00 Intro to Evan Shapiro & Mina Protocol
00:49 ZKP Ecosystem in 2017: Just 30 People
01:53 Early Versions of Mina: Mini Bitcoin
02:57 Recursive ZKPs and Chain Compression
04:23 Verifying Blockchain History with 20kb Proofs
05:21 Understanding Mina’s State Model
06:20 ZK Apps vs Protocol Layer
06:50 Mina’s Fungible Token Standard
07:50 ZK Apps as Native Rollups
08:50 Need for L1 Changes to Support App Chains
09:40 Reserved Block Space on L1 for App Chains
10:34 Prioritizing Core Protocol Changes
11:32 Lessons from Other ZK Chains
12:37 Moving from R&D to Shipping
13:34 Supporting ZK-EVMs and Starks on Mina
14:41 L2 Development with Inter-App Communication
15:40 Building Shared Libraries for Cross-App Messaging
16:36 Foundation Priorities: UX, Dev Tools, DEX Support
17:33 How to Get Involved: Grants, Governance, Discord
18:31 Closing Remarks: Why ZK is Worth Exploring

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🇸🇬 *Pragma Singapore*
Pragma Singapore 2024 was a special gathering of founders and builders that took place September 19, 2024 at the Fullerton Hotel in Singapore.  Pragma Singapore 2024 was an opportunity discuss the future of web3 and reflect on the past. Watch the full Pragma Singapore playlist here: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXzKMXK2aHh6z0saYJnVdgXWfz-vaoEYx&si=uavhkhF5Kc8XBoLv

ETHGlobal's Pragma series takes place in cities around the world, and is designed to be a different kind of event. Pragma is a one-stage conference with founders-only on stage, bringing together a small group of curated attendees and speakers to discuss the future of web3 and reflect on the past. 

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✅ *Follow Evan Shapiro*
X: https://x.com/evanashapiro

✅ *Follow Mina Protocol*
X: https://x.com/MinaProtocol

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Website: https://ethglobal.com
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