# Kautuk Kundan I General Purpose vs App Specific Systems I Stackr I Pragma San Francisco 2024

- Channel: [ETHGlobal](https://streameth.org/ethglobal)
- Date: 2025-10-09
- Duration: 18:27
- Topics: Kautuk Kundan, Stackr Labs, General Purpose Blockchains, Application Specific Systems, App Specific Chains, Domain Specific Chains, Ethereum, Solana, Rollups, ZK VM, OP Stack, Custom L2, Blockchain Scalability, Decentralization, dApps, EVM, Crypto Infrastructure, Blockchain Development, Value Capture, Pragma SF 2024
- Watch: https://streameth.org/watch/yt-N0pfln2eYcY
- YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0pfln2eYcY

## Description

n this insightful presentation from Pragma San Francisco 2024, Kautuk Kundan, founder of Stackr Labs, dives deep into the debate between general-purpose and application-specific blockchain systems. Explore critical insights into Ethereum, Solana, rollups, ZK VMs, domain-specific chains, and the rise of custom L2 solutions.

Understand the trade-offs in scalability, decentralization, efficiency, resource allocation, and value capture strategies. Ideal for developers, blockchain enthusiasts, and crypto industry professionals exploring rollups, blockchain infrastructure, and decentralized application (dApp) optimization.

00:00 Intro - General Purpose vs App-Specific Systems
00:49 Speaker Intro - Kautuk Kundan & Stackr Labs Overview
01:18 General vs Specific Systems Explained with Examples
02:11 Defining General Purpose & App-Specific Systems
02:40 Advantages of General Purpose Systems (Ethereum, Solana)
03:38 Limitations of General Purpose Blockchains & ZK VMs
04:32 Benefits of App-Specific Blockchain Systems
05:29 Innovation Examples from App-Specific Systems (Formula 1)
05:58 Examples of App-Specific Chains & ZKMs (dYdX, Cairo, Noir)
06:30 Challenges & Limitations of App-Specific Systems
07:23 Common Issues: Silos, Niches & Resource Intensiveness
08:19 Finding Balance: Domain-Specific Chains as a Solution
09:14 Domain-Specific Chains Defined & Explained
09:43 Benefits & Examples of Domain-Specific Blockchains (OP Stack)
10:40 The Future: App-Specific Chains with Better UX & Tooling
11:06 Rise of Domain & App-Specific Chains in Blockchain
11:35 How to Choose Between General & App-Specific Systems
12:28 Evaluating Resource Costs for Blockchain Projects
13:21 Path to Building an App Chain (Decision Mindmap)
13:47 App-to-App Chain Cycle Explained (John Sharp Model)
14:12 Real-World Examples of App-to-General Chain Evolution (AO)
14:44 Stackr Labs SDK Overview - Custom L2 Rollups
15:14 Why Projects Launch Custom L2s: Value & Revenue Capture
15:43 Revenue Data: Sequencer Fees & Value Capture
16:11 Decentralization Issues with Custom L2 Sequencers
16:38 "Fat App" Thesis: Shifting Value Capture to Applications
17:03 Cost-Benefit Analysis: App Chains, Domain Chains & Sequencing
17:30 Value Capture Examples: Blast & App-Specific Sequencing
17:58 Final Thoughts & Advice for Blockchain Infrastructure Devs

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🇺🇸 *Pragma San Francisco*
Pragma San Francisco 2024 was a special gathering of founders and builders that took place October 16th and 17th at The Contemporary Jewish Museum in San Francisco, CA.  Pragma San Francisco 2024 was an opportunity discuss the future of web3 and reflect on the past. Watch the full Pragma San Francisco playlist here: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXzKMXK2aHh4LcwDpGf_itZrAu7XRNb07&si=3x3y9J3avgNTITUe

ETHGlobal's Pragma series takes place in cities around the world, and is designed to be a different kind of event. Pragma is a one-stage conference with founders-only on stage, bringing together a small group of curated attendees and speakers to discuss the future of web3 and reflect on the past. 

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✅ *Follow the Kautuk Kundan*
X: https://x.com/Kautukkundan

✅ *Follow the Stackr Labs*
X: https://x.com/0xStackr

✅ *Follow ETHGlobal*
X: https://x.com/ETHGlobal​
Warpcast: https://warpcast.com/ethglobal
Website: https://ethglobal.com
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/ETHGlobal 

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