# Kautuk Kundan, Danilo Kim and Remi Gai I Practical Zero Knowledge Proofs | Pragma India 2023

- Speakers: Remi Gai
- Channel: [ETHGlobal](https://streameth.org/ethglobal)
- Date: 2024-10-09
- Duration: 29:52
- Topics: zero knowledge proofs, zk-snarks, zk-starks, fully homomorphic encryption, FHE, Kakarot, Cairo, Inco Network, Stackr, micro rollups, ZK-EVM, EVM compatibility, ETHGlobal, Pragma India, web3 privacy, zk hackathon, ethereum scaling, cryptography, proving systems, web3 UX, zk toolkits, zk development, on-chain encryption, zk circuits, prover decentralization, developer tools, composable zk, zk dapps, zk infrastructure, zk games, ETHIndia, zk tips, blockchain infrastructure
- Watch: https://streameth.org/watch/yt-NtU0__MAx_s
- YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtU0__MAx_s

## Description

n this deep-dive panel from Pragma India 2023, ETHGlobal’s Kartik Talwar sits down with leading Web3 founders—Kautuk Kundan (Stackr), Danilo Kim (Kakarot ZK-EVM), and Remi Gai (Inco Network)—for an unfiltered discussion on building practical applications with zero-knowledge proofs, fully homomorphic encryption (FHE), and next-gen micro rollups.

This conversation demystifies how cryptographic tools like ZK-SNARKs, ZK-STARKs, Cairo, FHE, and micro rollups are powering the future of privacy, scalability, and composability in Web3. You’ll learn why performance, accessibility, and UX matter just as much as security, how new architectures like Kakarot and Stackr are changing the developer landscape, and what trade-offs exist when balancing decentralization with real-world usability.

00:00 Panel intro: ZK, FHE, and rollup builders
00:44 What is Inco Network? Confidential EVM with FHE
01:18 What is Stackr? Micro rollup framework explained
01:52 What is Kakarot? EVM written in Cairo
02:31 What is fully homomorphic encryption (FHE)?
03:36 Real-world FHE use cases: games, DeFi, coordination
05:10 ZK vs FHE: key differences in computation
06:43 What are micro rollups and why they matter
07:41 Example: token transfer via micro rollup
08:40 Building rollups in any general-purpose language
09:11 Why Kakarot chose Cairo: speed, safety, and trade-offs
10:25 Cairo advantages over raw circuits
12:20 Why build an EVM in Cairo? Compatibility benefits
13:28 Kakarot compatibility and remaining limitations
14:41 Why Inco chose EVM for encrypted smart contracts
15:17 Stackr’s broader vision: web2-like UX in web3
16:54 Real-world dapps without Solidity: rideshare, ticketing
18:45 Stackr’s trust model and verification layers
21:05 Do we need powerful provers? Hardware and costs
22:11 FHE scaling with FPGA and validator roadmap
23:40 ZK parallel proving, mobile-friendly validation
24:42 The future of cryptography and consumer devices
25:42 Advice for hackers building ZK apps at ETHIndia
26:46 How to approach ZK hackathon projects
28:23 Use libraries, avoid reinventing the wheel
28:50 Hackathons = the birthplace of innovation
29:18 Try FHE with Inco Network during ETHIndia
29:46 Final thoughts and closing thanks

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🇮🇳 *Pragma India*
The final Pragma of the year took place in Bengaluru India in December 2023 with a curated series of high-quality talks that sparked thought and discussion. Pragma India 2023 was an opportunity discuss the future of web3 and reflect on the past. Watch the full Pragma India 2023 playlist here: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXzKMXK2aHh4rHV1H4J7y0wDok4bIS17t&si=lb8ttkU1HS2tpnUP

ETHGlobal's Pragma series takes place in cities around the world, and is designed to be a different kind of event. Pragma is a one-stage conference with founders-only on stage, bringing together a small group of curated attendees and speakers to discuss the future of web3 and reflect on the past. 

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