# Panel I Rethinking Data Availability | Pragma Istanbul 2023

- Channel: [ETHGlobal](https://streameth.org/ethglobal)
- Date: 2024-10-09
- Duration: 43:22
- Topics: data availability, modular blockchains, EigenLayer, EigenDA, Celestia, NEAR Protocol, sharding, rollups, Ethereum scalability, DAS, data availability sampling, blockchain storage, decentralization, verifiability, cryptoeconomic guarantees, L2 rollups, Ethereum roadmap, blobstream, proof of custody, cross-chain, zero knowledge, restaking, validator incentives, L1 vs L2, blockchain infrastructure, Pragma Istanbul, ETHGlobal
- Watch: https://streameth.org/watch/yt-yfy0dulUG5o
- YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfy0dulUG5o

## Description

At Pragma Istanbul 2023, ETHGlobal’s Kartik Talwar moderates a deep-dive panel on the evolving landscape of data availability with top leaders in the space: Sreeram Kannan, Founder of EigenLayer; Illia Polosukhin, Co-founder of NEAR Protocol; and Nick White, COO of Celestia. The trio explores the critical role of data availability in scaling blockchains, how modularity is shaping developer infrastructure, and the practical implications for rollups, Ethereum, and Layer 1 vs Layer 2 architecture.

They debate core topics like data availability sampling (DAS), verifiability, decentralization, and cryptoeconomic guarantees. This high-signal conversation unpacks the design philosophy behind EigenDA, NEAR DA, and Celestia’s blobstream approach, providing clarity on cost models, protocol-level trade-offs, and the future of blockchain scalability. If you're building or investing in scalable Web3 infrastructure, this is a must-watch panel on the future of data availability.

00:00 Panel intro: Why data availability matters
01:17 Understanding rollup scalability bottlenecks
03:04 Economic constraints of Ethereum block space
04:20 Modular blockchain architecture explained
07:42 Developer needs in a modular blockchain world
10:30 What is EigenDA? Scaling Ethereum's data layer
14:29 How NEAR Protocol scales data with sharding
16:53 Celestia's trust-minimized DA with DAS
19:22 Why Celestia DA sampling only works natively
21:15 Data availability challenges on Ethereum
22:54 Why you can't slash for withheld data
24:03 Combining re-staking with native validator DA
25:23 EigenDA's cryptoeconomic + decentralization model
29:15 Importance of verifiability over committees
30:54 Ethereum rollups vs Celestia-native rollups
32:00 Data costs: publishing vs long-term storage
33:37 Pricing models and induced demand for DA
35:19 Hidden infra costs: indexing and RPC providers
37:04 Data economics: reserved vs spot bandwidth
40:29 Near’s model: staking covers user fees
42:18 Protocols as minimally extractive public goods
42:53 Closing thoughts and philosophical alignment

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🇹🇷 *Pragma Istanbul*
The sixth edition of Pragma took place in Istanbul in November 2023 with a curated series of high-quality talks that sparked thought and discussion. Pragma Istanbul 2023 was an opportunity discuss the future of web3 and reflect on the past. Watch the full Pragma Istanbul 2023 playlist here: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXzKMXK2aHh4rHV1H4J7y0wDok4bIS17t&si=lb8ttkU1HS2tpnUP

ETHGlobal's Pragma series takes place in cities around the world, and is designed to be a different kind of event. Pragma is a one-stage conference with founders-only on stage, bringing together a small group of curated attendees and speakers to discuss the future of web3 and reflect on the past. 

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