Lessons from 10 Years of the Ethereum Identity Stack | Brantly Millegan (ETHID) at ETHConf

Sun, Aug 2, 2026, 12:00 AM

In this talk, Brantly Millegan from ETHID shares lessons from 10 years working on the Ethereum identity stack. He opens with his own onchain profile and ENS name, brantly.eth, encouraging everyone to get a name at ens.domains. He traces the story back 50 years to the 1970s invention of public key cryptography, which for the first time let people encrypt messages without exchanging a secret key ahead of time. The US government classified it as too powerful, until Phil Zimmerman and the cypherpunks successfully lobbied in the 1990s to make it legal for public use, enabling e-commerce and HTTPS. The cypherpunks saw public key cryptography as the basis for digital identity, but consumer versions like PGP never broke out because appeals to privacy and liberty alone do not motivate enough people without financial incentive. Brantly explains that Bitcoin (2008) and Ethereum (2015) changed this by using public key cryptography for wallets, accomplishing through economic incentives what cypherpunks could not through appeals to values: the widespread adoption of private keys and a flourishing wallet industry. Vitalik named identity as a use case in the 2014 Ethereum white paper, but many early identity projects failed because they treated identity as a single app when it is really 20 hard problems at once, and because building in a decentralized way is far harder than centralized. The breakthrough was Ethereum Name Service, which started in 2016 and launched in 2017 modeled after DNS for decentralized websites, then crypto payments. In 2021, while on the team, Brantly realized ENS was accidentally your crypto username and profile, the meta use case underlying all the others. He credits ENS's success to not competing directly with DNS, great engineering, and long time horizons, making it extremely Lindy after nine plus years. He covers Sign in with Ethereum (EIP-4361) as a decentralized user-controlled single sign on, the Ethereum Follow Protocol as an onchain social graph, and Ethereum Identity Kit as a React component library. He closes with his core thesis: Ethereum identity is not a single app but the sum of information and relationships across decentralized protocols and open standards, unbundled into smallest viable parts so each can stand, fall, improve, or be replaced independently, making the whole stack more resilient. 00:00 Introduction 00:35 Brantly's Onchain Profile and ENS Name 00:47 Going Back 50 Years to Public Key Cryptography 01:09 What Public Key Cryptography Is 01:38 Why the US Government Classified It 01:52 The Cypherpunks Make It Legal in the 1990s 02:07 Why It Powers E-Commerce and HTTPS 02:28 Cryptography as the Basis for Digital Identity 02:48 Why PGP Never Broke Out 03:14 Bitcoin, Namecoin, and Early Naming 03:33 Identity in the 2014 Ethereum White Paper 04:06 How Crypto Spread Private Keys at Scale 04:38 Why Wallets Keep Getting Better 05:12 Why Early Identity Projects Failed 05:37 Why Decentralized Is Harder Than Centralized 06:12 The Ethereum Name Service Breakthrough 06:30 Realizing ENS Was a Username and Profile 06:59 Why the Username Is the Meta Use Case 07:15 Why ENS Has Succeeded Where Others Failed 07:39 Not Competing Directly With DNS 08:04 Great Engineering and Long Time Horizons 08:36 Why ENS Is Extremely Lindy 08:58 Accidentally Solving Single Sign On 09:26 The Vision of a Decentralized Account for the Internet 09:44 Sign in with Ethereum and EIP-4361 10:07 The Ethereum Follow Protocol Social Graph 10:36 Other Parts of the Identity Stack 10:58 Ethereum Identity Kit for Developers 11:18 What Ethereum Identity Really Is 11:39 Why the Stack Is Decentralized, Not Vertically Integrated 11:58 Why Each Part Can Stand or Fall on Its Own 12:17 Why This Makes the Stack Resilient 12:40 Why We Should Not Take This for Granted 13:06 The Hard Work Behind the Stack Today 13:25 Closing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ *ETHConf 2026* ETHConf is a 3 day event for founders, industry leaders, and builders who are excited about the possibilities of building on top of Ethereum. Connect with 2,000+ top innovators in crypto, finance, technology, and policy at our inaugural three-day event packed with showcases, demos, partnerships, and conversations shaping the future of the global economy. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ✅ *Follow ETHConf* X: https://x.com/ethconf Website: https://ethconf.com _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 🎟️ Get your early bird tickets for ETHConf 2027: https://ethconf.com/2027#tickets 🎤 View the full ETHConf 2026 Speaker Schedule: https://ethconf.com/schedule _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _